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These currents are a popular form of heat transfer in liquids and gases, occurring in the ocean and radiators that warm a chilly room. Hot water rises to the top of a container before it escapes, displacing the cold water beneath it and creating a “hot top.” This movement of hot water up and cold water down is called a convection current. However, Polish physicists in the 1980s were unable to conclusively demonstrate this relationship.Ī non-uniform temperature distribution in the water may also explain the Mpemba effect. There may be less dissolved gas in the warmer water, which can reduce its ability to conduct heat, allowing it to cool faster. But this doesn’t always work, especially when using closed containers that prevent evaporated water from escaping.Īnd evaporation may not be the only reason the water can freeze more quickly. With less water to freeze, the process can take less time. As hot water placed in an open container begins to cool, the overall mass decreases as some of the water evaporates. Mpemba’s observations confirmed the hunches of some of history’s most revered thinkers, like Aristotle, Rene Descartes and Francis Bacon, who also thought that hot water froze faster than cold waterĮvaporation is the strongest candidate to explain the Mpemba effect. The Mpemba effect occurs when two bodies of water with different temperatures are exposed to the same subzero surroundings and the hotter water freezes first. This apparent quirk of nature is the “ Mpemba effect,” named after the Tanzanian high school student, Erasto Mpemba, who first observed it in 1963. coli bacteria (about 120 degrees Fahrenheit or 50 degrees Celsius) take a longer path than cooler water at a fall New England beach (about 60 degrees Fahrenheit or 15 degrees Celsius) towards a frigid future as ice? While a logical assumption, it turns out that hot water can freeze before cooler water under certain conditions. After all, water freezes at zero degrees Celsius. Hadhazy ĭetermining whether or not hot water can freeze faster than cold water may seem like a no-brainer.
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Deciphering Bacteria’s Defenses, One Gene at a Time Adam T.